Wouldn’t it be interesting to share a bottle of mead with Odin? Yes, I mean the old Norse god, Odin, and not some family member of mine. Old Norse legend tells us that mead was the drink of the Norse gods, and it symbolized wisdom, poetry and the divine connection between heaven and earth. The same Norse stories tell us that Odin, the King of the Gods, drank mead to gain his immense wisdom.
I like Norse mythology. The old legends might be part of the past, but the aspect of life that was and is a major influence in the making of mead is still with us today — bees. Science tells us that bees have been on earth for over 100 million years. By way of comparison, humans have occupied earth for about 6 million years. It would seem we could learn something from them, and bees deserve our respect.
Christianity has a saint who is considered the patron saint of bees — St. Valentine. Yup! That same patron saint of Valentine’s Day is not only the patron saint of lovers, people with epilepsy, but he’s also the patron saint of beekeepers. Do you see any connection between those three groups? St. Valentine ministered to persecuted Christians, and, perhaps, that is a service we could better respect today.
I was introduced to mead quite sometime ago, and enjoyed it. Heck! What’s not to like? It’s made from honey! Unlike regular wine that gains its sweetness from the sugar in its grapes, mead is entirely honey based. So, let’s always work together to save our bee population.
That is why pollinator gardens are critical in today’s society. Humans usage of pesticides has negatively affected the bee population, and we need to create more of a buzz about saving these little insects.
Yes, they can make life painful at times, but what I’ve learned is that if you respect them, they’ll respect you. I’ve gotten stung by them, and will never forget the bumble bee that taught me to mind my own beeswax by stinging my ear. However, rather than focusing on that stinging story, let’s allow bees to “bee” themselves.
When first introduced to Stinger Mead, I sipped one of life’s sweet moments. If you haven’t had a glass of this mead, I certainly recommend you try a glass of this wonderful sweetness. But, a caveat here! I wouldn’t do that sipping in a pollinator garden. Those bees would love to have a taste of it, and a conflict would soon result.
I was on a walk, and came upon a little pollinator garden. A bench had been placed right in the centre of the garden so I sat down to rest for a bit. Relying on my mantra of “if you leave them alone, they’ll leave you alone.” I settled down on the bench. There were many bees buzzing around me, and an occasional monarch butterfly. Taking a few deep breaths, I relaxed and enjoyed the beauty of the many flowers and the soft buzzing presence of the bees. They were working very hard finding the flower’s nectar and pollen. The flower feeds the bee and the bee pollinates the flower. I wish we humans always had such a symbiotic relationship with each other.
As I sat in the midst of that very bee busy environment, I smiled as I thought of Odin. If he can gain wisdom from mead, shouldn’t I gain such similar insight as I sip mead?
That question remains to be answered, and I’m certainly not a god, so I should just let it go. However, I will always raise a glass to the bees. And who knows? Maybe Odin will smile down upon me, and grant me a touch of wisdom.
May you stick close your honey, and embrace the sweet moments of life.
The Lord of the Rings and Game of Thrones sparked an interest in the alcoholic brew enjoyed by thirsty knights
More than 100 meaderies have opened in the US in the past two years – but making the medieval honey wine remains 8 times more expensive than beer
Danielle Busch admits it wasn’t just the failed attempt at making wine at home that encouraged her and her husband to try making mead. “He was watching Vikings on the History Channel at the time, and he’d played Dungeons & Dragons a lot before that,” chuckles the co-founder of California-based Batch Mead. “So, yes, he had heard of mead, but, like many people, he wasn’t quite sure what it was.”
Indeed, if The Lord of the Rings and Game of Thrones thrust mead into the spotlight – “I welcome you to our fires and offer you meat and mead in honour of our friendship,” as Bran Stark declares in an episode of the latter – that doesn’t mean viewers had much of an idea what it was either. It was just what was drunk in any series or film that featured men wearing tights or a vaguely medieval setting.
“If people know anything about it, they tend to incorrectly think of mead as being very sweet and syrupy,” says Busch, who, somehow inevitably, is busy putting together an order for a forthcoming 15th century recreationalist event. You know, when people take period dressing – and drinking – a little too seriously.
Actually, mead is neither saccharine nor treacly but can be light, dry, rich, even savoury. It is, to be sure, ancient, with the kind of heritage any marketing manager would play up.
Actually, mead is neither saccharine nor treacly but can be light, dry, rich, even savoury. It is, to be sure, ancient, with the kind of heritage any marketing manager would play up.
The tipple predates beer and wine, originating by chance, it is thought, in China’s Henan province in the seventh millennium BC. Just about every ancient culture would, in time, have its take on mead, which helps explain why it turns up in the writings of Aristotle and in the Old English saga of Scandinavian warriors and monsters, Beowulf.
What’s important is to encourage people to look at mead afresh, as a contemporary drink, and not as the ‘ye olde’ mead that I think makes many people decide it’s not for them before they’ve tried it. They don’t get home each evening and pillage their neighbour
Eric Lui, director of Citibrew. Picture: Jake S. Thomas
At its simplest and most authentic, mead is made from three key ingredients: water, cultured yeast and fermentable sugar in the form of honey – and, in fact, “honeymoon” takes its name from this, as it was traditionally drunk by Nordic newlyweds to incite baby-making levels of amorousness. It is sometimes called honey wine, though that seems to confuse drinkers even more …
But the Busches – who have seen business double year on year since they opened in 2019 – have not been alone in their curiosity about a drink that once spanned the world and then just disappeared, in part because the 17th century international trade in sugar from the West Indies dampened demand for honey, but also because brewing beer and distilling spirits became much more widespread (and neither involved the potential of being stung while collecting ingredients).
Like an over-pressurised beer barrel, the number of mead makers has exploded over the past few years. According to Eric Lui Wang-hong, director of Citibrew, Hong Kong’s first meadery (yes, that’s what they call a mead brewery), the pandemic made beer production especially complicated – not least because the international trade in hops was seriously curtailed – encouraging start-ups to ponder other options. Since Hong Kong has its own apiaries, “the main ingredient was already here”, says Lui. It was still a leap of faith, however, as, “I knew exactly zero about mead at the time.”
Other entrepreneurial meadists were at work, too. Justin Herson, co-founder of Singapore’s Lion City Meadery, says he first heard of the brew as a child reading Norse mythology, which promises dead warriors arriving in Valhalla a celestial draught served by beautiful maidens. Herson had assumed that mead had long since evolved into something else – if the drink ever existed at all – and, like the Busches, eventually came to it through his business partner’s experiments in home brewing.
Royal Imperial Chrysanthemum Mead from Singapore’s Lion City Meadery. Photo: Joel Lim Photography
Mead, like cider and craft beer before it, “seems to have become a focal point for a number of home brewers who have been making it for years in their own silos, as part of their own social networks”, says Herson. He has reached out to a few of them and some co-branded meads are now in the pipeline for next year.
No doubt part of the appeal for these home brewers is the scope for experimentation. If most beers fall within a certain range of bitterness and colour, one of the great selling points of mead is its diversity. Not only is there a huge variety of honeys, each with their own flavour profiles reflecting the terroir of flora from which bees have taken pollen – be that wildflower honey from the United States or plum honey from Japan – but mead’s honey base is then endlessly customisable with other ingredients.
These typically include blends of fresh fruits and spices, maybe flower petals or sea salt. Some producers go as far as offering a garlic or a peanut-butter-and-jelly mead (Britain-based Hive Mind Meadery even offers a small batch, bottle-conditioned baked strawberry cheesecake variety).
The endless flow of novelty styles keeps the market fresh, helps drive sales and is even seeing mead used as a cocktail ingredient. Expect a mead-arita in your favourite bar soon, with the staff waxing lyrical about the revival of melomels and metheglins, cysers, acerglyns, rhodomels and braggots, among the old, more esoteric, wonderfully named versions of mead that really do sound like they belong in a flagon held firmly in Daemon Targaryen’s hand.
What’s important is to encourage people to look at mead afresh, as a contemporary drink, and not as the ‘ye olde’ mead … many people decide it’s not for them before they’ve tried it. They don’t get home each evening and pillage their neighbour
Kit Newell, Hive Mead
Lui also sees the potential for mead to be both mass market – he produces a sparkling mead with a low alcohol content of 4.5 per cent, “which is more familiar, like a cider” – and upmarket, where more traditional wine-style meads with an alcohol content of 10 per cent or more are made with unusual ingredients and positioned as luxury products. Citibrew is producing just such a mead for the Four Seasons Hong Kong from September, and is in talks with the Hong Kong Jockey Club for other varieties. “It’s telling,” says Lui, “that even big hotel groups are looking for something different to offer in their bars now.”
Since the flavour profile of ingredients changes year to year, Citibrew also plans to launch a line of meads labelled with year of production, much like a fine wine.
Hive Mind has the same idea, producing both cans of various fruit-infused sparkling meads, but also, for example, a bottled mead that is oak whiskey-barrel-aged, and another using honey from Zambia, which it sells to Michelin-starred restaurants.
“The great thing about mead is that it can be something to everyone,” says Kit Newell, who co-founded Hive Mead with his brother, Matt, a beekeeper who was looking for something to do with the vast amount of honey he produced. “What’s important is to encourage people to look at mead afresh, as a contemporary drink, and not as the ‘ye olde’ mead that I think makes many people decide it’s not for them before they’ve tried it. They don’t get home each evening and pillage their neighbour.”
David Leung of Hong Kong Whistle. Picture: Jake S. Thomas
Meanwhile, another British meadery, Biddenden – perhaps with a nod to Thor and Odin – labels its product as “nectar of the gods”, positioning its Special Mead firmly as an alternative to dessert wine, to be sipped after a meal with your cheese course.
As marketing manager Anne Jennings stresses, “It may have a screw cap but it comes in a wine-style bottle, with a wine-style label and doesn’t look out of place on the dinner table. In fact, it looks a bit more special than your average bottle of wine.”
The more health-conscious – and as studies suggest, buttoned-up younger generations – have been a boon to mead, riding the wave for no- and low-alcohol drinks. While the general aura around honey as a natural product helps to create a positive image around mead, to say nothing of antioxidants and nutrients, the drink is also free of gluten, sulphates and other potential nasties.
It is also what many in the fledgling mead industry like to call “easy drinking”, as fashionable but more palatable than many craft beers. “The appeal to Gen Z and Gen Y is a big factor [in mead’s revival],” says Lui. “They don’t want a big imperial IPA. After all, even a craft beer is still a beer; there’s still that hoppy bitterness and, sometimes, the bloatedness that comes with drinking it.”
Instead, mead becomes, as Herson describes it, “a nice middle ground between beer and wine”, a long drink option for those who aren’t so keen on either. Additionally, despite Lion City Meadery’s “very masculine branding”, it has proved surprisingly popular among women.
“People sometimes ask if there’s any alcohol in mead when they first try it because it can taste more like a soda. It’s not so ethanol-forward,” he says, adding that even a mead with very high alcohol content – 40 to 60 per cent – can taste like a low-alcohol drink. “Naturally, they tend to have a different opinion once they’ve drunk three bottles of it.”
By then, of course, the other appeals of mead have likely been forgotten, too. Its perceived environmental benefits, for example: with the global bee population in decline, anything that encourages natural honey production, as opposed to the industrially produced “fake” kind that might be cut with corn syrup, is a boon. Hive Mind, for example, now operates 180 of its own hives and counting.
“Like so many simple dishes,” says Herson, “mead is very easy to make but very hard to make really well.”
Mr Single Eye Dried Plum Mead from Hong Kong Whistle. Picture: Jake S. Thomas
While Lui jokes that there are still enough wealthy people in Hong Kong who can afford it, mead is expensive to make. Honey is pretty much the priciest form of sugar around, and fresh fruits are not a cheap ingredient either, making mead some four times more expensive than wine to produce, and eight times more than beer. The cost will keep mead out of reach for conglomerates for the time being.
It is time-consuming to make, too, each batch taking two to three months. Then there is the option of ageing, which only adds to production costs and cash-flow problems. In Singapore, for example, customs insist on meaderies having a distilling licence, even though no distillation is involved in mead’s production.
And then there’s selling it. “There still needs to be a lot more education to give the public a better understanding of mead,” says Busch. But, she stresses, educating distributors and retailers – especially those accustomed to high-margin products such as lager – is the first problem.
“Mead doesn’t fit neatly into a category of drink. It’s its own category really,” she says. “That means there’s confusion about how to market it, or the decision gets made to wait until the mead market is better established.”
“That’s why I don’t see mead as some sudden craze in the way that gin was,” says Herson – even if, he notes, over the past two years alone, seven meaderies have opened in Japan and a hundred in the US.
While other drinks swing in and out of style, mead hasn’t been in fashion for 400 years, so its comeback now may be on firmer ground. One study estimates the global mead market will be worth US$1.4 billion by 2032. “I see mead having a long, slow and steady growth trajectory,” says Herson, “but one that’s definitely upwards.”
David Leung Ka-tai, a beer brewer and founder of boutique brewery Hong Kong Whistle, makes a dried-plum mead, a nod to traditional Cantonese ingredients and plum’s thirst-quenching associations. Despite being pulled into mead’s orbit, he says, “Mead isn’t something you’re going to find in your 7-Eleven too soon.
On an early summer morning, amidst the heavy buzz of energetic honeybees, Jason Davis opened one of his hives and pulled out a frame. It was dense with bees and more crawled in and out of the entrances of colorful stacks of polypropylene boxes that surrounded him.
“As soon as they start landing, you’ll see that they have little balls of yellow or orange pollen on their legs,” Davis said.
“This is a happy day for the bees because it’s either above 50 already, or it’s about to be, and there’s almost no wind and it’s sunny and the dandelions are out,” Davis said.
Davis turned around and squatted down in front of a row of low bushes. He’s planted rows of nagoonberries, also called Arctic Raspberries. Davis said he discovered nagoonberries in the wild as a teenager and has had a special connection with them ever since.They look like raspberries but have a distinct tangy flavor that Davis now treasures for making mead.
“It’s hard to get enough from the wild so I grow them here,” Davis said. “I have about 20,000 plants. And last year I harvested almost 500 pounds of berries- mainly my son harvested, but I help him when I can.”
Nagoonberries, honey and water are the only ingredients in Davis’ most popular drink, a wild fermented mead. Producing locally-grown food and drink in Alaska can be challenging and it’s especially true of alcohol, which often relies on imported fruits, grains, and yeasts, even when they’re brewed in-state. But since he began commercially producing meads and wines, Davis has pursued making them with all-local ingredients.
Jason Davis holds a frame from one of his honeybee hives, in the yard of his meadery in Homer, AK. (Jamie Diep/KBBI)
Davis walked back to his meadery kitchen to explain his fermenting process.
“We do everything in five gallon batches,” Davis said, stirring a ladle in one of a cluster of silver pots. “And this is the wildflower honey, which is our traditional straight mead. So there’s nothing in there but honey and water.”
Pure honey isantibacterial andantifungal, which means bacteria and yeast can’t survive in it. But when it’s mixed with water, yeast can eat the sugars and ferment it into mead, an alcoholic drink that tastes like a honey wine.
Davis ferments with local raspberries, currants, chaga mushrooms, apples for cider, and of course, honey. As of this year, his bees only provide about a third of the honey he needs, though his long-term plan is to produce all his own. Local honey comes with a steep price tag: it’s more than five times the cost of bulk clover honey, and that increases his bottle prices.
“I sell it mostly for around $30 A bottle,” Davis said. “But I could sell it for half that if I was using Costco honey.”
He said he can’t sell much of his mead in stores around Alaska because the profit margins are too low, but he does sell directly to consumers online.
Davis said a higher price for local ingredients is worth it; he buys berries from several local farmers and he said the flavors far surpass anything you can find in a grocery store. He said local honey is also much better for making mead.
“If I make a raspberry or black currant or, or a blueberry mead, if it’s fireweed honey, you don’t taste the honey there at all,” Davis said. “The focus is all on the fruit. Whereas if I get clover honey from Costco, it costs a fraction of the price but it has a very distinct medicinal flavour that comes out once you remove the sweetness.”
But Davis said using all-local ingredients isn’t just about flavour.
“It’s a desire to support local agriculture and to be local,” Davis said. “And just the craft industry aspect of making an amazing, I think, world class product just using local ingredients from here.”
Davis said it’s hard to find locally grown and produced alcohol in the state. Alaska has many breweries and wineries, but he said water is often their only local ingredient.
As far as he knows, his commercial meadery makes the only consistently locally grown and produced alcohol in the state.
And in the long term, Davis said making food and drink with local ingredients makes businesses and the community more stable.
“I think the more we can do here locally, the better it is,” Davis said. “So we don’t have to ship everything up from the lower 48 where it’s a little bit vulnerable.”
Davis said if for some reason the road system failed, he could still produce everything for the meadery.
Davis said every year business gets a little bit better than the year before and this year has been good for the bees. In midsummer, he temporarily moved some of his hives to a higher elevation so they could gather fireweed pollen in open meadows, boosting their productivity and giving him a higher yield of the honey that is the backbone of his business.
